The core purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between organizational justice and employee commitment. The result of this study is beneficial in order to find out employees perceptions regarding organizational justice practices in the workplace which may consequently contribute to employees’ commitment in providing services with their respective organization. This research was guided by two objectives which the first was to explore result as to which of three types of organizational justice is perceived as most important among employees. Secondly, the research also aimed to explore correlations between three types of organizational justice and employee commitment. Based on statistical analysis, distributive justice were perceived as most important among employees since it has the highest mean and standard deviation values of 3.75 and .667 respectively. However, interactional justice was found to be the most significantly related to employee commitment. This is due to the fact that interactional justice has the highest correlation (r) value which is 0.716. Indeed, interactional justice may also be perceived as the most important type of justice in the workplace and consequently, it may contribute to employees commitment towards their organization.

The objective of this study is to examine constraints on professional scepticism in China from historical and philosophical perspectives. Specifically, this paper examines the philosophical meanings of scepticism constructed historically in Anglo American countries and how distinctive Chinese philosophical tradition may act as constrains on PS in China. Moreover, this paper examines how distinctive Chinese historical development of auditing may contribute to constraints on professional scepticism in China. From a philosophical perspective, the philosophical determinants of social relationships premised on conflict avoidance and obedience associated with subordination may preclude intrinsic acceptance by Chinese auditors of western notion of professional scepticism characterised with questioning, inquiry and confrontation. From a historical perspective, the alien concept of scepticism is not historically rooted in the Chinese auditing system. The analyses suggest that implementation of the alien concept of professional scepticism is likely to encounter considerable challenges in China. The findings have important implications for the international convergence of auditing standards.

We use the frameworks of crypto currencies and public private partnership model of infrastructural development. As we speak, the crypto currency treads the path towards a time where it provides an alternative to the present currencies in a way restricting the numbers of coins which could be mined. The inclusive sustainable growth model speaks of reforms in the taxation policies pertaining to crypto currency with establishment of dedicated security and exchange board, governing and setting the norms for investment. Following this, tapping the infrastructural gap in the country, governmental projects be launched with special bonds for crypto currency investors. This would not only increase the usage and value of crypto currency but parallel to that would engage the investors, institutions and citizens alike, in the infrastructural development of the nation. The model with robust regulatory framework for crypto currency promises to take the developing nations a way ahead with better investment opportunities and nations including India, Brazil, Indonesia, etc. appeal to be the haven for sustainable industrial growth.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating effect of environmental factor i.e. technology specifically the hard technology in the relationship between element of competitive advantage i.e. resource value and innovation in enhancing firms sustainable advantage. Data was collected through personal questionnaire from166 manufacturing firms in Nigeria who are members of manufacturing association of Nigeria within North West and North Central zones, with 70% response rate. The results indicate that there is positive and significant relationship between resource value and innovation while moderated by hard technology. According to the result, manufacturers in Nigeria fully agree that hard technology is essential with unique valuable resources to enhancing sustainable competitive advantage a bit longer with continues innovations. This study adds knowledge to the theory and practice of competitive advantage particularly in Nigerias manufacturing firms. Its theoretical and empirical significance adds more insight on the previous empirical studies in the field that is to say it gives guidelines to manufacturers in Nigeria on the impact of strategic management approaches on competitive advantage. For government and firms, the study provides avenue of creation and generation of competitive advantage in Nigeria and Africa as a whole since the phenomena is general.

Judiciary is the third pillar of democracy in India and guardian of fundamental rights of people. Judiciary in India plays a pivotal role to establish economic and social justice in a democratic set up. Through its various pronouncements of judgments it upholds the spirit of social equity and justice and protects the interests of vulnerable groups like unorganized labour, women and children. In this article efforts have been made to bring to the lime light the contribution of judiciary in India in protection of women and unorganized labour and in providing social security to such weaker section of the Indian society.

As a result of globalization, one of the most major issues affecting the success of projects would be the formation of a multicultural project management style. As projects leaders continue to lead global, multicultural projects, there is a demand for managing a workforce that is more diverse than ever. The multigenerational workforce has distinct views on work ethic, communication and incentives, finding common ground is essential. As the world of multinational projects is rapidly developing new concepts and methodologies are being introduced, especially in the management direction, as well as, the serious need for the use of engineering management modern practices. In many developing countries now the mega projects are multicultural projects different designers, contractors, subcontractors and suppliers from all over the world work together to achieve excellence but such projects bring with it many challenges on how all these people from different background, different laws, policies, legislations and ways of work can achieve harmony and finalize the projects within vale and time. Here comes the serious need for engineering and managers to design and provide a system that allows the projects such as construction process to be organized, harmonized and achieve the best quality from such activities and projects at the same time minimizing various risks to the minimum. The increase of the citizens of the globe and its urban population calls for more construction activities especially for accommodation. in developing countries, in general, the rate of construction is far below the demand for shelter, infrastructure and other amenities .many factors such as demographic growth, shifts from rural to urban areas, natural and human made resources depletion, and significant changes in expectations and life styles, all combine in their various ways impose considerable pressure on the construction industry of developing countries. From this prospect comes the urgent need to engineering management to be introduced in these developing countries and for its recommendations and reflections to become a practical actions specially its effects of laws and new policies to ensure ease of operations and motivation of investors both externally and internally.

The purposes of this study is to conduct a study on social return on investment (SRIO) project, namely Rice Pledging Scheme, To study on multiplier of social spending on Rice Pledging Scheme also o gauge satisfaction level of direct beneficiaries of Rice Pledging Scheme for the Season of 2011-2012 & 2012-2013 and To understand impact of satisfaction to expectation of direct beneficiaries of the stated project. This research conducts by using mixed methodology of qualitative and quantitative. There are 32 farmer samples of with clear characteristic selected for qualitative analysis and 354 completed questionnaires selected in central provinces of Thailand. For qualitative analysis was conducted by various methods ranging from content analysis and quantitative analysis is conducted based on Inferential Statistics of stepwise multiple regression methods. The result of this study show that SROI of rice pledging project for season of 2011-2012 is 10.81 and for season of 2012-2013 is 14.91. Multiplier effect of government spending is 2.34. Satisfaction on the rice pledging scheme as a whole is high, at 79.80 % and Satisfaction of the Seasons of 2011-2012 & 2012-2013 influence on expectation.